STAGE 2–3 · THE GRID AND CABLES

A power plant is useless until it is connected

Key points

  1. A new power plant is useless until it is connected to the grid, and the parts that connect it are in short supply.
  2. A large transformer takes about 2.5 years to arrive and costs 1.9x its 2019 price (1.4x after inflation).
  3. More power plants and batteries are waiting to be connected than are running today, and the wait now exceeds 5 years.
  4. Grid builders are swamped: Quanta Services' order book grew 1.7x in a year. Household power bills have not caught up yet.

Equipment prices

Prices after inflation, 2019 = 100US producer price indices, divided by consumer prices. Above 100 = dearer than 2019 in real terms.
Show the numbers
Itemvs 2019 (in dollars)Real, 2019 = 1001 year (real)
Transformer prices1.88x144+4.3%
Switchgear prices1.94x149+9.6%
Cable prices1.84x141+1.5%

Transformers step voltage up and down between power plants, lines and users; switchgear turns circuits on and off safely. Both were cheap commodities until 2020. Makers had shrunk capacity during the flat-demand years and could not add it quickly, because transformers need a special steel (grain-oriented electrical steel) that few plants make. Demand for power transformers has risen 116% since 2019 (Wood Mackenzie).

Source: FRED / Wood Mackenzie, Aug 2025 / POWER, 2026

Waiting times

Large power transformers128 weeksaverage lead time, Q2 2025
Generator step-up transformers144 weeksaverage lead time
Power transformers short in 202530%distribution transformers: 10%
Waiting to connect (end-2025)2,061 GWpeak 2,290 GW at end-2024

The queue shrank 10% in 2025 because many solar, wind and battery projects gave up, but gas plants waiting to connect rose 86% to 253 GW. Projects that reached operation in 2025 had waited a median of more than 5 years from their request.

Source: POWER, 2026 / Wood Mackenzie, Aug 2025 / LBNL Queued Up 2026

Grid construction order book

Quanta Services' order backlog (remaining performance obligations, $bn)The largest US contractor for power lines and substations. From its SEC filings.
Show the numbers
Quarter endBacklog
Mar 2019$4.7bn
Jun 2019$4.7bn
Sep 2019$4.4bn
Dec 2019$5.3bn
Mar 2020$5.4bn
Jun 2020$5.2bn
Sep 2020$4.4bn
Dec 2020$4.0bn
Mar 2021$4.1bn
Jun 2021$4.4bn
Sep 2021$4.4bn
Dec 2021$5.9bn
Mar 2022$6.8bn
Jun 2022$6.9bn
Sep 2022$6.8bn
Dec 2022$8.8bn
Mar 2023$10.3bn
Jun 2023$12.5bn
Sep 2023$13.6bn
Dec 2023$13.9bn
Mar 2024$14.9bn
Jun 2024$14.4bn
Sep 2024$15.6bn
Dec 2024$16.8bn
Mar 2025$17.6bn
Jun 2025$19.2bn
Sep 2025$21.0bn
Dec 2025$23.8bn
Mar 2026$26.2bn
Jun 2026$33.5bn

Source: SEC

Has it reached power bills?

Not much yet. The average US household electricity price is +10% on 2019 after inflation (-0.2% in a year). Grid and capacity costs reach bills with a lag of several years, as regulators approve them.

Source: FRED

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Updated 29 Sep 2026 11:12 JST · US power data to May 2026 · metal prices to Aug 2026